Assessment of In-Vitro Cytotoxicity and In-Vivo Antitumor Activity of  Syzygium aqueum

Irisappan Sarathchandrian; P.Monisha; Kavimani S; Selvasudha N

doi:10.33974/ijrpst.v2i2.246

Irisappan Sarathchandrian School of Pharmacy, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Puducherry, India
P. Monisha School of Pharmacy, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Puducherry.
S. Kavimani Mother Theresa Post Graduate and Research Institute of Health Sciences (MTPG & RIHS), Gorimedu, Puducherry.
N. Selvasudha School of Pharmacy, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pillayarkuppam, India

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33974/ijrpst.v2i2.246

Keywords: Syzygium aqueum, K562 tumor cell line, antitumor, Dalton’s ascites lymphoma

Abstract

The present study aims to evaluate the cytotoxicity and antitumor activity of the ethanolic extract of
leaves of Syzygium aqueum (EESA) on K562 tumor cell line (chronic myeloid leukemia) and
transplantable tumor Dalton’s ascites lymphoma (DAL). In-vitro cytotoxicity on K562 tumor cell line
was evaluated using micro-culture tetrazolium (MTT) assay. In-vivo antitumor activity was studied on
DAL tumor bearing mice. Activity was assessed by monitoring the mean survival time, tumor cell
count, percentage increase in body weight and effect on haematological parameters like red blood cell
(RBC) count, haemoglobin content (Hb), white blood cell (WBC) count, Differential cell (DC) count.
Histopathological studies were also evaluated during this study. EESA exhibit potent in-
vitro cytotoxicity activity against K562 tumor cell line. The result also showed an increased life span
and decreased tumor cell count in S.aqueum treated animals. The hematological studies revealed that
the Hb count decreased in DAL bearing mice, whereas S.aqueum treated mice showed an increase in
the Hb or near to normal levels and other hematological parameters such as RBC, WBC was also
significantly reduced. Histopathalogical studies evaluated the destruction of tumor cells by showing
cell wall destruction, membrane blebbing, degradation, vacuolated cytoplasm. The results suggested
that the EESA exhibited cytotoxicity in dose dependent and it showed significant antitumor activity
on DAL bearing mice.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Kim M E, Ha T K, Lee J S. (2014)Myricetin Induces Cell Death of Human Colon Cancer Cells via BAX/BCL2-Dependent Pathway. Anticancer Re-search.;34(2):701-706.

Devi, K. P., Rajavel, T., Habtemariam, S., Nabavi, S. F., & Nabavi, S. M. (2015). Molecular mechanisms underlying anticancer effects of myricetin. Life sci-ences, 142, 19-25.

Feng, J., Chen, X., Wang, Y., Du, Y., Sun, Q., Zang, W., & Zhao, G. (2015). Myricetin inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in gas-tric cancer cells. Molecular and cellular biochemis-try, 408(1-2), 163-170.

Iyer, S. C., Gopal, A., & Halagowder, D. (2015). My-ricetin induces apoptosis by inhibiting P21 acti-vated kinase 1 (PAK1) signaling cascade in hepato-cellular carcinoma. Molecular and cellular bio-chemistry, 407(1-2), 223-237.

Maggioni, D., Nicolini, G., Rigolio, R., Biffi, L., Pignataro, L., Gaini, R., & Garavello, W. (2014). My-ricetin and naringenin inhibit human squamous cell carcinoma proliferation and migration in vitro. Nutrition and cancer, 66(7), 1257-1267.

Huang, H., Chen, A. Y., Ye, X., Li, B., Rojanasakul, Y., RANkIN, G. O., & Chen, Y. C. (2015). Myricetin in-hibits proliferation of cisplatin-resistant cancer cells through a p53-dependent apoptotic pathway. International journal of oncology, 47(4), 1494-1502.

Yi, J. L., Shi, S., Shen, Y. L., Wang, L., Chen, H. Y., Zhu, J., & Ding, Y. (2015). Myricetin and methyl eu-genol combination enhances the anticancer activi-ty, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction of cis-platin against HeLa cervical cancer cell lines. In-ternational journal of clinical and experimental pa-thology, 8(2), 1116.

Bhardwaj, V., Tadinada, S. M., Jain, A., Sehdev, V., Daniels, C. K., Lai, J. C., & Bhushan, A. (2014). Bio-chanin A reduces pancreatic cancer survival and progression. Anti-Cancer Drugs, 25(3), 296-302.

Kavimani, S., Ilango, R., Nagarajan, N. S., Manoj, C., Gupta, M., & Majumdar, U. K. (1998). Antitumour Activity Of Biochanin-A Against Dalton's Ascitic Lymphoma. Indian journal of pharmaceutical sci-ences, 60(3), 164.

Xiao, P., Zheng, B., Sun, J., & Yang, J. (2017). Bio-chanin A induces anticancer effects in SK‑Mel‑28 human malignant melanoma cells via induction of apoptosis, inhibition of cell invasion and modula-tion of NF‑κB and MAPK signaling pathways. On-cology Letters, 14(5), 5989-5993.

Bhushan, A., Jain, A., & Lai, J. C. (2015). World Nutraceutical Conference and Expo.

Spagnuolo, C., Russo, G. L., Orhan, I. E., Habtemari-am, S., Daglia, M., Sureda, A., ... & Nabavi, S. M. (2015). Genistein and cancer: current status, chal-lenges, and future directions. Advances in nutri-tion, 6(4), 408-419.

Qin, J., Chen, J. X., Zhu, Z., & Teng, J. A. (2015). Genistein inhibits human colorectal cancer growth and suppresses miR-95, Akt and SGK1. Cellular physiology and biochemistry, 35(5), 2069-2077.

Thornthwaite, J. T., Shah, H. R., England, S. R., Ro-land, L. H., Thibado, S. P., Ballard, T. K., & Good-man, B. T. (2017). Anticancer effects of curcumin, artemisinin, genistein, and resveratrol, and vitamin C: free versus liposomal forms. Advances in Bio-logical Chemistry, 7(1), 27-41.

Ismail, N., Pihie, A. H. L., & NALLAPAN, M. (2005). Xanthorrhizol induces apoptosis via the up-regulation of bax and p53 in HeLa cells. Anticancer research, 25(3B), 2221-2227.

Cheah, Y. H., Azimahtol, H. L. P., & Abdullah, N. R. (2006). Xanthorrhizol exhibits antiproliferative ac-tivity on MCF-7 breast cancer cells via apoptosis induction. Anticancer research, 26(6B), 4527-4534.

Oon, S. F., Nallappan, M., Tee, T. T., Shohaimi, S., Kassim, N. K., Sa’ariwijaya, M. S. F., & Cheah, Y. H. (2015). Xanthorrhizol: a review of its pharmaco-logical activities and anticancer properties. Cancer cell international, 15(1), 100.

Sobeh, M., Mahmoud, M. F., Petruk, G., Rezq, S., Ashour, M. L., Youssef, F. S., ... & Wink, M. (2018). Syzygium aqueum: A polyphenol-rich leaf extract exhibits antioxidant, hepatoprotective, pain-killing and anti-inflammatory activities in animal models. Frontiers in pharmacology, 9, 566.

Manaharan, T., Appleton, D., Cheng, H. M., & Pal-anisamy, U. D. (2012). Flavonoids isolated from Syzygium aqueum leaf extract as potential antihy-perglycaemic agents. Food chemistry, 132(4), 1802-1807.

Osman, H., Rahim, A. A., Isa, N. M., & Bakhir, N. M. (2009). Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of Paederia foetida and Syzygium aqueum. Mole-cules, 14(3), 970-978.

Prema, R., Sekar, D. S., Sekhar, K. B. C., & Jeeva-nandham, S. (2012). In vitro cytotoxicity study on combined plants extracts (Cissus quadrangularis and Aegle marmelos). Euro J Exp Bio, 2, 882-8.

Senthilraja, P., & Kathiresan, K. (2015). In vitro cytotoxicity MTT assay in Vero, HepG2 and MCF-7 cell lines study of Marine Yeast. J Appl Pharm Sci, 5(3), 80-4.

Manaharan, T., Chakravarthi, S., Radhakrishnan, A. K., & Palanisamy, U. D. (2014). In vivo toxicity evaluation of a standardized extract of Syzygium aqueum leaf. Toxicology reports, 1, 718-725.

Kumar, R. S., Rajkapoor, B., & Perumal, P. (2011). In vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of Indigo-fera cassioides Rottl. Ex. DC. Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine, 4(5), 379-385.

Radha, R., Kavimani, S., & Ravichandran, V. (2008). Antitumour activity of methanolic extract of Plumeria alba L. leaves against Dalton lymphoma ascites in mice. International Journal of Health Re-search, 1(2), 79-85.

Prabhu, P. T., Panneerselvam, P., Selvakumari, S., & Sivaraman, D. (2011). In vitro and in vivo anti-cancer activity of ethanolic extract of C. Parviflo-rum Lam on DLA and HeLa cell lines. Int J Drug Dev Res, 3, 280-85.

Saha, P., Mazumder, U. K., Haldar, P. K., Naskar, S., Kundu, S., Bala, A., & Kar, B. (2011). Anticancer ac-tivity of methanol extract of Cucurbita maxima against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2(1), 52-59.

Alagammal, M., Paulpriya, K., & Mohan, V. R. (2013). Anticancer activity of ethanol extract of Po-lygala javana DC whole plant against Dalton ascites lymphoma. Res J Recent Sci, 2(2), 18-22.

Lakshmi, K., Sharma, S., Rajesh, T., & Chitra, V. (2010). Antitumour activity of ethanolic extract of leaves of Holoptelea integrifolia on Dalton's ascitic lymphoma in Swiss albino mice. International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 4(1), 44.

Thirumurugan, R. S., Kavimani, S., & Srivastava, R. S. (2000). Antitumour activity of rhinacanthone against Dalton's ascitic lymphoma. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 23(12), 1438-1440.

Radha, R., Kavimani, S., & Ravichandran, V. (2008). Antitumour activity of methanolic extract of Plumeria alba L. leaves against Dalton lymphoma ascites in mice. International Journal of Health Re-search, 1(2), 79-85.

Sreenivas, S. A., Venu Gopal, Y., Ravidranath, A., Kalpana, G., & Kapoor, R. (2012). Anti-tumour and antioxidant activity of Capparis Sepiaria against Dalton’s ascites lymphoma in rodents. Academic Journal of Cancer Research, 5(2), 46-52.

Devi, K. P., Rajavel, T., Habtemariam, S., Nabavi, S. F., & Nabavi, S. M. (2015). Molecular mechanisms underlying anticancer effects of myricetin. Life sci-ences, 142, 19-25.

Hirano, T., Oka, K., & Akiba, M. (1989). Antiprolif-erative effects of synthetic and naturally occurring flavonoids on tumor cells of the human breast car-cinoma cell line, ZR-75-1. Research communica-tions in chemical pathology and pharmacology, 64(1), 69-78.